1.Efficiency
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Conditions for efficiency: |
達至效率的條件： |
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Maximization of total social surplus; marginal benefit equals marginal cost |
總社會盈餘極大化；邊際利益等於邊際成本 |
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Deviations from efficiency: |
偏離效率： |
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Price ceiling, price floor, tax, subsidy quota and deadweight loss |
價格上限、價格下限、稅項、津貼及配額與淨損失 |
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Divergence between private and social costs (benefits): |
私人代價(利益)和社會代價(利益)的分歧： |
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Market versus government solutions |
市場與政府的解決辦法 |
2.Equity
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Measuring income inequality: income distribution, Lorenz curve and Gini coefficient |
量度收入不均： 收入分配、洛倫茨曲線及堅尼系數 |
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Sources of income inequality |
收入不均的緣由 |
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Policy concerns: Equalizing income or equalizing opportunities, disincentive effects of taxes and transfers, trade-off between equity and efficiency |
政策的考慮： 收入均等化或機會均等化，稅項及轉移的抑制作用、公平與效率之間的取捨 |
3.Measure of Economic Performance 經濟表現的量度
I. Nation Income國民收入
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Circular flow of economic activities |
經濟活動的循環流程 |
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Meaning of gross domestic product (GDP) |
本地生產總值的意思 |
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Three approaches to measure GDP: the production approach, expenditure approach and income approach |
從三個層面計算本地生產總值：生產面、收入面、支出面 |
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GDP vs. GNI |
本地生產總值vs. 本地居民收入 |
II. Inflation/ deflation, Unemployment and the Business Cycle 失業、通脹/通縮及經濟週期
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Measure of the general price level |
一般物價水平的量度 |
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Meaning of inflation/ deflation |
通脹/通縮的意思 |
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Measurement of inflation/ deflation |
通脹/通縮的量度 |
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Redistributive effects of inflation/ deflation |
通脹/通縮的再度分配影響 |
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GDP at current and constant market prices |
以當時市價及以固定市價計劃的本地生產總值 |
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Per capita GDP and GDP growth rate |
人均本地生產總值及本地生產總值增長率 |
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Limitation of GDP as a measure of welfare |
以本地生產總值量度福利的限制 |
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Meaning of unemployment |
失業的意思 |
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Measure of unemployment |
失業的量度 |
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Cost of unemployment |
失業的代價 |
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Underemployment |
就業不足 |
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Four phases of the business cycle |
經濟週期的四個階段 |
4. AD-AS model 總需求-總供應模型
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Meaning of aggregate demand |
總需求的意思 |
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Why the AD curve is downward sloping |
為甚麼AD曲線向右下傾斜 |
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Factors affecting the AD curve |
影響AD曲線的因素 |
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Meaning of aggregate supply |
總供應的意思 |
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Why the short-run AS curve is vertical |
為甚麼短期AS曲線向右上傾斜 |
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Factors affecting the short-run AS curve |
影響短期AS曲線的因素 |
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Why the long-run AS curve is vertical |
為甚麼期長期AS曲線是垂直的 |
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Factors affecting the long-run AS curve |
影響長期AS曲線的因素 |
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Determination of equilibrium price level and output in the short run |
決定長期均衡價格水平及產出 |
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Short run fluctuations in price level and output: changes in AD and/ or AS |
價格水平及產出的短期波動：AD及/或AS曲線的轉娛 |
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Determination of equilibrium price level and output in the long run |
決定長期均衡價格水平及產出 |
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Changes in the price level and full-employment output in the long run |
在長期，價格水平與充分就業產出的轉變 |
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The use of fiscal policy to achieve different objectives, e.g. full employment, stabilization of output or price level etc. |
使用財政政策達到不同目標，如充分就業、穩定產出或物價水平等 |
5. Fiscal Policy 財政政策
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Meaning of fiscal policy |
財政政策的意思 |
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Principles of taxation |
課稅的原則 |
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Direct tax vs. indirect tax |
直接稅vs.間接稅 |
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Progressive, proportional and regressive tax |
累進稅、比例稅及累退稅 |
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Other revenues of the government |
政府的其他收入來源 |
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Government expenditures |
政府支出 |
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Changes in tax system and government expenditure and their effects |
稅制及政府開支的改變及其影響 |
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S.3-S.6 Economics Inflation, Unemployment & Business Cycles [課程相等於2020-2021 S.5 常規課程 L17-24/同名B Class 課程] (課程系列參考碼：226IECQCY) |
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網上 |
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226IECQ43-O |
BC |
26/9 |
8 |
$1580 |
